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The Treaty of Guarantee is a treaty between the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland promulgated in 1960. Article I bans Cyprus from participating in any political union or economic union with any other state. Article II requires the other parties to guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of Cyprus. Article IV reserves the right of the guarantor powers to take action to re-establish the current state of affairs in Cyprus, a provision which was used as justification for the Turkish invasion of 1974. The treaty also allowed the UK to retain sovereignty over two military bases.〔(Timeline: Cyprus ), BBC News〕 The treaty was used as justification for the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, in particular article IV of the treaty. This article entitled these three guarantor powers to multi-lateral action among them or as a last resort if no concerted action seemed possible, each guarantor is entitled to unilateral action. These actions should confine only to restore the status according to this Treaty as a democratic Bi-communal, single sovereign independent state. Initially, a bi-communal independent state was at stake due to the July 1974 coup while several Turkish Cypriot enclaves were attacked at the onset of the coup. Given these circumstances, Turkey claimed the right to unilateral action as provided by this treaty by invading and creating a bridgehead and corridor between Kyrenia and Nicosia enclave. In the 2nd invasion campaign, Turkish forces invaded and held on to one-third of the island, resulting in effective partition of the island and secession of those parts of the island under its military control. Hence, this 2nd Turkish invasion campaign is regarded as a violation of this treaty. This treaty was concluded the same year that the Constitution of Cyprus was finalized and the Zürich and London Agreement and the Treaty of Alliance between the Republic of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were written. ==See also== * Cyprus dispute 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Guarantee (1960)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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